Google has completely revamped the documentation for article structured data in their developer section. It is really a complete rewrite, specifically to call out the differences between article markup for AMP pages versus article markup for normal HTML pages.
Aaron Bradly did the hard work and summarized on Google+ the changes, so I'll just quote it here if you hate Google+:
The difference between rich results for AMP and non-AMP pages is now explicitly describedPreviously the article data type specifications applied specifically to AMP, and essentially described how to make articles eligible to appear in AMP carousels.
Now Google says "your page is eligible for different features depending on how you code your page": AMP with structured data, or "non-AMP webpage with structured data".
There are now separate illustrations for the rich results generated by each use case: AMP carousels for AMP, and "non-AMP pages can be shown as a rich result in a rich result list, or in a carousel of similar non-AMP pages."
The new guidelines now very explicitly state the requirement that AMP have structured data to be eligible for rich results: "without structured data, AMP pages can appear only as standard blue links in Google Search results."
Property use now described separately for AMP and non-AMP pagesPreviously a property was either required or recommended, irrespective of page type. Now each property's usage requirements are governed by whether it's an AMP page or not. For example, the image property is required by AMP, but only recommended for non-AMP pages. There are now, in fact, no required properties for non-AMP pages.
There's now a new category of usage for properties, "ignored". This is universally a property annotation that appears for non-AMP pages, and applies to most properties that are used by AMP: of the 17 properties enumerated only five are recommended, with the remainder being ignored.
It seems that if you want richer results and you use structured data, the way to go is with AMP.
Here are screen shots of the before and after of the top of the doc pages:
Before:
Now:
Make sure you review the new docs over here.
Forum discussion at Google+.