For many SEOs and Webmasters, this is probably not news, but I like to document things like this in any case.
The disavow file, the file you use to tell Google these links are not links I want pointing to my site, is a file that Google "continuously" processes.
John Mueller, who works at Google and we quote several times a day here, said this in response to a question posed by @WholesaleClear and @Marie_Haynes:
John posted on Twitter:
@WholesaleClear @Marie_Haynes no, the disavow file is processed continuously, that's no problem with moving to https.
— John Mueller (@JohnMu) September 12, 2014
This is in response to migrating to HTTPS and moving the disavow file there. Since the file is continuously processed, moving the file to HTTPS would kick in pretty quickly as well. Oh, of course, with Penguin, the disavow won't work until Penguin is refreshed, which should be within the year.
Forum discussion at Twitter.