Looks like Google added a new data type to the structured data options for search, this one is named Science Datasets. Google said this schema is for the "scientific domains: life sciences, earth sciences, material sciences, and more." This can also include civic and government data, Google said.
Aaron Bradley first spotted this and posted it on Google+. There is a broad data set that qualifies for this markup:
- A table or a CSV file with some data
- A file in a proprietary format that contains data
- A collection of files that together constitute some meaningful dataset
- A structured object with data in some other format that you might want to load into a special tool for processing
- Images capturing the data
- Anything that looks like a dataset to you
Google made a point to say this is an early pilot:
Dataset markup is available for you to experiment with before it's released to general availability. When you implement the markup, you'll see previews in the Structured Data Testing Tool. You won’t, however, see your datasets appear in Search.
You can learn more about it over here and make sure to join the discussion.
Forum discussion at Google+.