One webmaster asked Google's John Mueller how does one know if Google is using their sitemap, if the sitemap has errors and is faulty. John responded in classic John fashion by telling the webmaster to check his server logs.
This is probably one of those questions most people ask and don't necessarily think of this answer to the question.
Here are the tweets:
Check your server logs.
— John ☆.o(≧▽≦)o.☆ (@JohnMu) June 19, 2017
Once we find a sitemap, unless it returns server errors, we'll keep retrying it +/- regularly.
— John ☆.o(≧▽≦)o.☆ (@JohnMu) June 20, 2017
What method would you use if not Google Search Console of your server logs?
Forum discussion at Twitter.